Targeted immunotherapy approaches for intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct

Document Type : Editorial

Authors

1 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan institute for stem cell biology and technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.

2 Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan institute for stem cell biology and technology, Tehran, Iran

10.30476/acrr.2024.102421.1214

Abstract

Abstract: Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a complex biliary tract
neoplasm. Its classifications based on distinct clinical, pathological, and
radiological features and gene mutations, are of paramount importance. The
classification of IPNB into Type 1 and Type 2 has proven essential, as these
subtypes present notably different molecular alterations and clinical behaviors.
Type 1 IPNBs are characterized by KRAS, GNAS and RNF43 mutations. While,
Type 2 IPNBs demonstrate TP53, SMAD4, and KMT2C mutations. Recognition of
the subclasses along with the genetic alterations enables early detection and
advancement of personalized therapeutic methods. In addition, the identification of
more involved signaling pathways and their crosstalk are indispensable for the
advancement of novel therapeutic approaches including targeted immunotherapy
and gene therapy. These tailored approaches hold the promise of improving patient
outcomes, minimizing side effects, and offering a brighter future for those afflicted
by this intricate biliary neoplasm.The precise classification of IPNB besides the accurate identification of mutations and molecular alteration in each subclassification lead to the development of more accurate and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic methods.

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