Early-onset Colorectal Cancer Screening: What’s New and What Should We Do?

Document Type : Mini Review

Author

Department of Surgery, Sebelas Maret University, Indonesia

Abstract

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third largest cause of death from cancer-related causes in the United States.
Screening programs lower the incidence and mortalities of CRC in those aged 50 and above with an average
risk for the disease. On the other hand, the incidence of CRC in people younger than 50 years of age (early-onset
colorectal cancer, or eoCRC) has recently increased substantially. Epidemiologic studies of eoCRC suggest
that the cancer is most prevalent in the distal colon and rectum and is associated with several modifiable risk
factors, such as diabetes, obesity, diet, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol intake, and smoking. The data covering
the potential risk factors of prior antibiotic exposure and alterations to the microbiome or direct carcinogen
exposure are still being gathered. Delayed diagnosis or more aggressive tumor biology may lead to aggressive
clinicopathologic characteristics of eoCRC observed at presentation. When matched for stage, the outcomes
of patients with eoCRC are comparable to those of patients with later-onset CRC; nevertheless, the overall
mortality rate is higher due to a higher frequency of advanced illness at a younger presentation, which results
in more life years lost.

Keywords

References

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Iranian Journal of Colorectal Research
Volume 11, Issue 2
June 2023
Pages 65-67

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